1 00:00:03,000 --> 00:00:05,500 How did the Solar System form? 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:10,500 What was the Universe like when it was very young? 3 00:00:14,000 --> 00:00:18,000 What are planets around other stars like? 4 00:00:22,140 --> 00:00:23,487 Over the last 26 years, 5 00:00:23,500 --> 00:00:27,852 Hubble has provided answers to these and many other questions. 6 00:00:27,900 --> 00:00:32,612 However, even the best of telescopes needs a colleague... 7 00:00:33,250 --> 00:00:37,483 … and that’s where the James Webb Space Telescope comes in. 8 00:00:51,256 --> 00:00:55,134 A cosmic double act: Hubble meets James Webb 9 00:00:56,104 --> 00:00:58,655 Launched in 1990, 10 00:00:58,700 --> 00:01:05,343 the Hubble Space Telescope has been incredibly successful, and has not only reached, but exceeded, all of its targets. 11 00:01:05,400 --> 00:01:10,985 In doing so it completely changed our view of the Universe. 12 00:01:22,549 --> 00:01:24,592 Hubble has been undeniably brilliant, 13 00:01:24,600 --> 00:01:28,400 but there are some parts of the Universe that it just cannot see. 14 00:01:33,973 --> 00:01:37,177 Enter Hubble's future colleague, the James Webb Space Telescope! 15 00:01:37,200 --> 00:01:42,172 This magnificent telescope is a joint venture between NASA, 16 00:01:42,180 --> 00:01:46,444 the European Space Agency and the Canadian Space Agency. 17 00:01:48,100 --> 00:01:53,326 James Webb’s infrared view of the Universe will peer through obscuring dust 18 00:01:53,340 --> 00:01:58,876 to reveal the delicate structures of the star-forming regions beneath, 19 00:01:58,900 --> 00:02:03,097 probe light from the first galaxies and stars, 20 00:02:03,100 --> 00:02:05,744 and much, much more. 21 00:02:12,200 --> 00:02:15,450 But what makes these two amazing telescopes different? 22 00:02:15,500 --> 00:02:20,628 Firstly, James Webb is huge for a space telescope. 23 00:02:20,700 --> 00:02:24,600 Hubble’s 2.4 metre mirror might be large 24 00:02:24,640 --> 00:02:29,916 but it is simply dwarfed by James Webb’s 6.5 metre mirror. 25 00:02:30,024 --> 00:02:36,061 This allows James Webb to detect much fainter objects. 26 00:02:44,650 --> 00:02:50,000 Hubble was also designed to be serviced by visiting astronauts, 27 00:02:50,200 --> 00:02:53,105 swapping out instruments and faulty components. 28 00:02:53,352 --> 00:02:56,882 For James Webb, this won’t be possible. 29 00:02:57,708 --> 00:03:03,954 And not only will Webb be alone, it will also be cold — very cold — 30 00:03:03,965 --> 00:03:08,969 operating at around -240 °C. 31 00:03:12,250 --> 00:03:16,098 Because it has to operate at incredibly cold temperatures, 32 00:03:16,100 --> 00:03:20,347 James Webb can’t be built in the same way as Hubble. 33 00:03:20,350 --> 00:03:26,407 It has to carry its own huge sunshield to keep the telescope cool. 34 00:03:28,900 --> 00:03:31,700 The telescope and the sunshield are so big 35 00:03:31,750 --> 00:03:36,137 that James Webb will have to unpack itself once launched. 36 00:03:46,000 --> 00:03:48,339 It is a great feat of engineering. 37 00:03:48,400 --> 00:03:53,100 Everything for the telescope has to be built at room temperature, 38 00:03:53,110 --> 00:03:58,800 but still needs to be aligned and working properly when it is cooled down 39 00:03:58,820 --> 00:04:04,337 — which changes the size of the components inside. 40 00:04:13,250 --> 00:04:18,200 Keeping James Webb cold is the reason behind another big difference between it and Hubble. 41 00:04:21,310 --> 00:04:25,978 Whilst Hubble orbits the Earth at around five hundred kilometres, 42 00:04:26,000 --> 00:04:31,192 James Webb has a very different path — not in orbit around the Earth 43 00:04:31,200 --> 00:04:35,700 — that will keep it one and a half million kilometres from Earth. 44 00:04:38,126 --> 00:04:41,377 With this new player out there observing the skies, 45 00:04:41,400 --> 00:04:43,606 and Hubble still active, 46 00:04:43,606 --> 00:04:46,114 who knows what we will find!